Enhancing the Efficiency and Reliability of UAV Systems: A Lyapunov-Based Stabilizing Model Predictive Control Framework

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487504

[]Join the IEEE Toronto Instrumentation & Measurement – Robotics & Automation Joint Chapter for a technical talk presented by Dr. Binyan Xu from University of <a href="http://Guelph.Monday" target="_blank" title="Guelph.Monday">Guelph.Monday, July 7, 2025 @ 10:30 – 11:30 AM (EST)Abstract: The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has expanded significantly over recent decades, driven by their flexibility, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and capability to operate in dangerous or inaccessible environments. With rising demands, UAV systems are increasingly expected to achieve higher levels of autonomy. Model predictive control (MPC), an advanced control methodology that leverages online optimization, provides notable advantages such as optimal performance, efficient handling of multivariable systems, and explicit constraint management, making it a promising solution for UAV control challenges. However, ensuring closed-loop performance with manageable computational demands remains challenging due to the highly nonlinear dynamics of UAVs and the computational complexity of <a href="http://MPC.This" target="_blank" title="MPC.This">MPC.This talk introduces a Lyapunov-based MPC framework designed specifically to address these challenges, offering stabilized and computationally efficient MPC strategies tailored for UAV applications. Applications of this framework, including trajectory tracking and formation control, will be demonstrated to illustrate its effectiveness. Additionally, the integration of this framework with other Lyapunov-based control techniques for handling unexpected actuator faults and communication disruptions will be discussed, highlighting its potential to further enhance UAV operational efficiency and <a href="http://reliability.Speaker(s):" target="_blank" title="reliability.Speaker(s):">reliability.Speaker(s): Binyan Xu, Ph.D., Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487504

IEEE IAS/PES Committee Meeting

Bldg: 140, 1500 Quebec Ave, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7K 1V7, Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487738

IEEE IAS/PES Committee MeetingIEEE IAS/PES Committee MeetingTuesday, July 15 · 5:00 – 6:00pmTime zone: America/ReginaGoogle Meet joining infoVideo call link: <a href="https://meet.google.com/dck-wcwf-ecpOr" target="_blank" title="https://meet.google.com/dck-wcwf-ecpOr">https://meet.google.com/dck-wcwf-ecpOr dial: ‪(CA) +1 778-726-9561‬ PIN: ‪113 033 809‬#More phone numbers: <a href="https://tel.meet/dck-wcwf-ecp?pin=5195914624102Or" target="_blank" title="https://tel.meet/dck-wcwf-ecp?pin=5195914624102Or">https://tel.meet/dck-wcwf-ecp?pin=5195914624102Or join via SIP: sip:5195914624102@<a href="http://meet.ieee.orgBldg:" target="_blank" title="meet.ieee.orgBldg:">meet.ieee.orgBldg: 140, 1500 Quebec Ave, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7K 1V7, Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487738

IEEE Nuclear Presentation Series – Technical Review on Common Myths About Nuclear Energy

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487207

The (https://vancouver.ieee.ca) and the IEEE Future Directions Committee are organizing a series of presentations to address the widespread interest in clean energy sources, new nuclear reactor technologies, and the various related issues. This series of talks will cover aspects of nuclear energy and the disruptive new technology of Small Modular Reactors. These presentations will be of interest both to engineers who are not nuclear specialists, and to the general public who are interested in learning about the <a href="http://technology.TOPIC:Technical" target="_blank" title="technology.TOPIC:Technical">technology.TOPIC:Technical Review on Common Myths About Nuclear EnergyDATE: July 16, 2025LOCATION: OnlinePRESENTER: Dr. Robert HayesDr. Robert Hayes will discuss common myths surrounding nuclear energy, and the various claims that appeal to fears of extreme radiological <a href="http://risk.This" target="_blank" title="risk.This">risk.This presentation is free. IEEE members and the general public are welcome to attend. Registration is <a href="http://required.This" target="_blank" title="required.This">required.This presentation series is organized by:- (<a href="https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)-" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)-">https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)- (<a href="https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This" target="_blank" title="https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This">https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This presentation series is supported by:- (<a href="https://ieee-npss.org/)-" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-npss.org/)-">https://ieee-npss.org/)- (<a href="https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored">https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored by: IEEE Future Directions Committee, IEEE SusTech InitiativeSpeaker(s): Dr. Robert HayesAgenda: The presentation will start at 9:00 AM Pacific Time (12:00 EDT, 16:00 UTC).09:00 Welcome and Speaker Introduction09:10 Presentation09:55 Questions and Answers10:10 Presentation endsNOTE If you have registered, you should receive the Zoom URL in a separate email, shortly before the presentation time. Please check your email spam <a href="http://folder.NOTE" target="_blank" title="folder.NOTE">folder.NOTE Please be sure to leave sufficient time to set up your web browser and / or remote meeting client prior to the start <a href="http://time.Virtual:" target="_blank" title="time.Virtual:">time.Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487207

Artificial Intelligence for a Just Energy Transition: Opportunities, Challenges, and Case Studies

Room: GC122, Bldg: Gillen Hall, Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 5A3

The IEEE New Brunswick Section invites you to attend a seminar on “Artificial Intelligence for a Just Energy Transition: Opportunities, Challenges, and Case Studies” given by Prof. Petr Musilek from the University of <a href="http://Alberta.Speaker(s):" target="_blank" title="Alberta.Speaker(s):">Alberta.Speaker(s): Petr MusilekRoom: GC122, Bldg: Gillen Hall, Faculty of Computer Science, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, E3B 5A3

Agentic AI themed 4th International Conference on Applied Data Science (ICADS) 2025

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487442

Free Registration (with a Zoom account; you can get one for free if you don't already have it. This requirement is to avoid Zoom bombing. Please sign in using the email address tied to your Zoom account — not necessarily the one you used to register for the <a href="http://event.):https://sjsu.zoom.us/meeting/register/RToYlK0nTMitbP-jb4VjBASynopsis:The" target="_blank" title="event.):https://sjsu.zoom.us/meeting/register/RToYlK0nTMitbP-jb4VjBASynopsis:The">event.):https://sjsu.zoom.us/meeting/register/RToYlK0nTMitbP-jb4VjBASynopsis:The event is technically co-hosted by Area 4, Region 6 of the IEEE Computer <a href="http://Society.This" target="_blank" title="Society.This">Society.This virtual event brings together global innovators in data science to share cutting-edge research and practical <a href="http://applications.The" target="_blank" title="applications.The">applications.The sessions with invited speakers will cover topics related to GenAI and its application. ICADS 2025 offers a dynamic platform for innovation and collaboration. Don’t miss this opportunity to connect with experts and advance the field of data science from the comfort of your own <a href="http://home.For" target="_blank" title="home.For">home.For more details, also check https://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/icads2025/ (This page on vtools has a word limit)Title: The Rise of Autonomous Intelligence: How AI Agents Are Redefining Science, Art, and BusinessAbstract – In this talk, Kamer Ali Yuksel (Head of Agentic AI @ aiXplain) describes how LLM-driven agents are transforming autonomy across research, enterprise, and design. He shows that today’s agents aren’t just “smart autocomplete” but self-directed ideators, experimenters, analysts, and creators. Drawing on his recent publications, he argues that AI agents already deliver end-to-end autonomy: how aiXplain autonomously refine Agentic AI workflows via continuous LLM-driven feedback loops, ideate and implement enterprise Agentic AI use-cases, and derive actionable business insights from enterprise data—producing executive-ready reports without human <a href="http://intervention....Speaker" target="_blank" title="intervention....Speaker">intervention....Speaker – Kamer Ali Yukselhttps://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.20.56-PM.png Talk title: From Algorithms to Agents: The Role of Agentic AI in HealthcareAbstract – The future of healthcare is not just digital—it’s intelligent. Agentic AI represents a paradigm shift in artificial intelligence, moving beyond static models and reactive systems to dynamic, autonomous agents capable of setting goals, making decisions, and adapting over time. Unlike traditional AI, which passively responds to inputs, agentic AI can plan, reason, and act in complex, real-world environments—making it especially suited for the demands of modern <a href="http://healthcare....Speaker" target="_blank" title="healthcare....Speaker">healthcare....Speaker – Dr. Anuradha Karhttps://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.18.58-PM.png Title: Trustworthiness of Agentic AIAbstract – ...this speech will be about understanding the need for trustworthiness in Agentic AI and learning about the latest developments in ensuring it. The speech will discuss not only technical solution approaches but also our responsibilities to build human-compatible Agentic <a href="http://AI....Speaker" target="_blank" title="AI....Speaker">AI....Speaker – Dr. Utku Kosehttps://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.16.25-PM.png Title: Beyond the Buzz: Defining Agentic AI Systems, Their Capabilities, and the Path ForwardAbstract – Despite widespread discussion of AI agents across industry and academia, the field lacks consensus on fundamental questions: What exactly constitutes an agent? What problems can current agents realistically solve versus what remains beyond their reach? This talk addresses the clarity gap by examining current agent capabilities and limitations through real-world examples, and establishing concrete problem statements for researchers and practitioners. ...Speaker: Ranjitha Gurunath Kulkarni<a href="https://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.13.42-PM.pngTitle:" target="_blank" title="https://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.13.42-PM.pngTitle:">https://r6.ieee.org/scv-cs/wp-content/uploads/sites/81/2025/05/Screen-Shot-2025-05-31-at-2.13.42-PM.pngTitle: Agentic AI: Redefining Autonomy in Intelligent SystemsAbstract – Agentic AI is reshaping the boundaries of artificial intelligence by enabling systems that move beyond reactive responses to exhibit autonomy, initiative, and adaptability. These agents are capable of independently setting goals, planning multi-step actions, maintaining memory over time, and interacting intelligently with their environments. ...Speaker: Dr. Soumen Biswas---------------------------------------------------------------By registering for this event, you agree that IEEE and the organizers are not liable to you for any loss, damage, injury, or any incidental, indirect, special, consequential, or economic loss or damage (including loss of opportunity, exemplary or punitive damages). The event will be recorded and will be made available for public <a href="http://viewing.Co-sponsored" target="_blank" title="viewing.Co-sponsored">viewing.Co-sponsored by: Vishnu S. Pendyala, SJSUSpeaker(s): Dr. Vishnu S. Pendyala, Dr. Soumen Biswas, Ranjitha Gurunath Kulkarni , Dr. Utku Kose , Dr. Anuradha Kar, Kamer Ali Yuksel Agenda: 08:00 to 09 AM Agentic AI: Redefining Autonomy in Intelligent Systems09:00 to 10:00 AM The Rise of Autonomous Intelligence: How AI Agents Are Redefining Science, Art, and Business10:00 am to 11:00 AM From Algorithms to Agents: The Role of Agentic AI in Healthcare11:00 to 12:00 PM Trustworthiness of Agentic AI12:00 to 01:00 PM Beyond the Buzz: Defining Agentic AI Systems, Their Capabilities, and the Path ForwardVirtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487442

Tufts Cove Power Generating Facility Tour

315 Windmill Rd, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3A 1A7

Join us for an exciting in-person tour of the Tufts Cove Power Generation Facility in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, on Friday, July 18th, from 10:00 AM to 12:00 <a href="http://PM.This" target="_blank" title="PM.This">PM.This tour offers a behind-the-scenes look at one of Nova Scotia's key energy generation facilities. The plant was originally constructed in 1965 and has undergone several upgrades and addition over the <a href="http://years.The" target="_blank" title="years.The">years.The facility is operated by Nova Scotia Power; the Tufts Cove Generation Station plays a crucial role in supplying electricity to the province and supporting renewable generation. The plant consists of three traditional steam units, two combustion turbines, and one HRSG(Heat Recovery Steam Generators). Attendees will gain insights about the power generation processes, what it takes to ensure the plant operates reliability 24/7, and the plant’s transition towards cleaner <a href="http://energy.The" target="_blank" title="energy.The">energy.The tour will be supported by the Plant Manager, Operations, Maintenance and Engineering <a href="http://Departments.Car-pool" target="_blank" title="Departments.Car-pool">Departments.Car-pool arrangements will be coordinated after sign-up and will depart from two locations:- Dalhousie University, Sexton Campus, Halifax- Macdonald Bridge Terminal, DartmouthTransportation to the tour location and back from these two locations are <a href="http://guaranteed.If" target="_blank" title="guaranteed.If">guaranteed.If you are able to bring PPE (Steel-toed shoes, Hardhat, Safety Glasses) please do so, otherwise they will be provided. Close-toed shoes at a minimum are <a href="http://REQUIRED.Registration" target="_blank" title="REQUIRED.Registration">REQUIRED.Registration is limited so sign up today![]315 Windmill Rd, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3A 1A7

Unconventional Wearables and their Application in Health Monitoring

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/486792

[]Join the IEEE Toronto Instrumentation & Measurement – Robotics & Automation Joint Chapter for a technical talk presented by Dr. Shideh Kabiri Ameri from Queen's <a href="http://University.Monday" target="_blank" title="University.Monday">University.Monday, July 21, 2025 @ 2:00 – 3:00 PM (EST)Abstract: Wearable devices for health monitoring are conveniently being miniaturized, their functionalities have been increased, and they are rapidly being integrated into our daily life. However, the current commercialized wearables are not mechanically compatible with soft, stretchable and dynamic skin which is normally the first point of contact to the body in wearables. This results not only in discomfort but also causes low fidelity and reliability during long term <a href="http://sensing.In" target="_blank" title="sensing.In">sensing.In this talk, Dr. Kabiri will discuss various novel approaches they have taken to address these issues. Their developed unconventional wearable devices for health monitoring have high sensing performance and low motion artifacts, and in some cases offer visual imperceptibility and non-intrusive sensing that satisfy the user’s privacy and mental <a href="http://comfort.Speaker(s):" target="_blank" title="comfort.Speaker(s):">comfort.Speaker(s): Shideh Kabiri Ameri, Ph.D., Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/486792

IEEE Nuclear Presentation Series – Integration of SMRs in Renewable Energy Microgrids

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/488978

The (https://vancouver.ieee.ca) and the IEEE Future Directions Committee are organizing a series of presentations to address the widespread interest in clean energy sources, new nuclear reactor technologies, and the various related issues. This series of talks will cover aspects of nuclear energy and the disruptive new technology of Small Modular Reactors. These presentations will be of interest both to engineers who are not nuclear specialists, and to the general public who are interested in learning about the <a href="http://technology.TOPIC:Integration" target="_blank" title="technology.TOPIC:Integration">technology.TOPIC:Integration of SMRs in Renewable Energy MicrogridsDATE: July 30, 2025LOCATION: OnlinePRESENTER: Dr. Dennis MichaelsonDr. Dennis Michaelson will explore the application of Small Modular Reacrors (SMRs) in remote community power systems and off-grid industrial facilities. In some of these applications, a small SMR or micro-modular reactor would be combined with renewable power sources, energy storage, and loads to form a microgrid. In this talk we will explore potential configurations and operating scenarios for such systems, and discuss the considerations and trade-offs involved in their <a href="http://design.This" target="_blank" title="design.This">design.This presentation is free. IEEE members and the general public are welcome to attend. Registration is <a href="http://required.This" target="_blank" title="required.This">required.This presentation series is organized by:- (<a href="https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)-" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)-">https://ieee-sustech.org/2023/ieees-sustech-initiative/)- (<a href="https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This" target="_blank" title="https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This">https://vancouver.ieee.ca/physics)This presentation series is supported by:- (<a href="https://ieee-npss.org/)-" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-npss.org/)-">https://ieee-npss.org/)- (<a href="https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored" target="_blank" title="https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored">https://ieee-npss.org/)Co-sponsored by: IEEE Future Directions Committee, IEEE SusTech InitiativeSpeaker(s): Dr. Dennis MichaelsonAgenda: The presentation will start at 9:00 AM Pacific Time (12:00 EDT, 16:00 UTC).09:00 Welcome and Speaker Introduction09:10 Presentation09:50 Questions and Answers10:00 Presentation endsNOTE If you have registered, you should receive the Zoom URL in a separate email, shortly before the presentation time. Please check your email spam <a href="http://folder.NOTE" target="_blank" title="folder.NOTE">folder.NOTE Please be sure to leave sufficient time to set up your web browser and / or remote meeting client prior to the start <a href="http://time.Virtual:" target="_blank" title="time.Virtual:">time.Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/488978

Safe Robot Autonomy in Interactive Open-World Environments

Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487494

[]Join the IEEE Toronto Instrumentation & Measurement – Robotics & Automation Joint Chapter for a technical talk presented by Dr. Roya Fallah Firoozi from University of <a href="http://Waterloo.Monday" target="_blank" title="Waterloo.Monday">Waterloo.Monday, August 11, 2025 @ 1:00 – 2:00 PM (EST)Abstract: As a robot manipulates 3D objects and navigates within 3D scenes, it requires spatial reasoning to ensure safe planning. Recent advances in 3D scene representation, such as Neural Radiance Fields (NeRFs) and Gaussian Splatting, provide high-fidelity digital twins of arbitrary real-world environments from multi-view images. In the first part of the talk, Dr. Firoozi will discuss employing these 3D visual fields augmented to 3D vision-language fields using internet-scale semantic representations from Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for open-vocabulary robot <a href="http://planning.As" target="_blank" title="planning.As">planning.As the robot interacts with other dynamic agents in the scene (multi-agent settings), it also requires temporal reasoning to ensure safe interactive planning. In the second part of the talk, Dr. Firoozi will discuss safe and fault-resilient planning techniques across two categories of interactive planning: (i) Model Predictive Control (MPC), where the prediction and planning steps are decoupled, and (ii) more abstract approaches such as game-theoretic planning, where these steps are tightly coupled. While MPC offers computational efficiency, game-theoretic planning enables more complex modeling of agents' preferences and their mutual <a href="http://influences.Speaker(s):" target="_blank" title="influences.Speaker(s):">influences.Speaker(s): Roya Fallah Firoozi, Ph.D., Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487494

Energy Cyber-Physical Systems and their Communication and Control Challenges for Operational Security in Industrial Systems

Room: UA1140, Bldg: UA, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, L1G7K4

The development of innovative cybersecurity technologies, tools, and methodologies that advance the energy system’s ability to survive cyber-attacks and incidents while sustaining critical functions is needed for the secure operation of utility and industrial systems. It is essential to verify and validate the ability of the developed solutions and methodologies so that they can be effectively used in practice. Developing solutions to mitigate cyber vulnerabilities throughout the energy delivery system is essential to protect hardware assets. It will also make systems less susceptible to cyber threats and provide reliable delivery of electricity if a cyber incident <a href="http://occurs.This" target="_blank" title="occurs.This">occurs.This talk will describe how the developed solution can protect the power grid and industrial infrastructure from cyber-attacks and build cybersecurity protection into emerging power grid components and services. This includes microgrid and demand-side management components and protecting the network (substations and productivity lines) and data infrastructure (SCADA) to increase the resilience of the energy delivery systems against cyber-attacks. These developments will also help utility security systems manage large amounts of cybersecurity risk data and cybersecurity operations. For these developments to succeed, cybersecurity testbeds and testing methodologies are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of any proposed security <a href="http://technologies.The" target="_blank" title="technologies.The">technologies.The focus on developing cybersecurity capabilities in energy systems should span over multiple strategies: in the near term, midterm, and long term. Continuous security state monitoring across cyber-physical domains is the goal in the near term. The development of continually defending interoperable components that continue operating in degraded conditions is required in the midterm. Developing methodologies to mitigate cyber incidents to return to normal operations quickly is necessary for all system components in the long term. We will discuss R&D efforts in these areas centered on developing operational frameworks related to communication and interoperability, control, and <a href="http://protection.The" target="_blank" title="protection.The">protection.The importance of interoperability between smart grid applications and multi-vendor devices must be considered. The current grid comprises multi-vendor devices and multi-lingual applications that add to the complexity of integrating and securing the smart grid components. Standards development entities have been working with utilities, vendors, and regulatory bodies to develop standards that address smart grid interoperability. These include IEEE, IEC, NIST, ANSI, NERC, and others. In this presentation, we will conceptualize a comprehensive cyber-physical platform that involves the communication and power network sides integrating the cyber information flow, physical information flow, and the interaction between them. A data-centric communication middleware provides a common-data bus to orchestrate the system’s components, leading to an expandable multi-lingual system. We will present a hardware protocol gateway that was developed as a protocol translator capable of mapping IEC 61850 generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) and sampled measured value (SMV) messages into the data-centric Data Distribution Service (DDS) global data bus. This is necessary for integrating the widely used IEC 61850-based devices into an exhaustive microgrid control and security <a href="http://framework.We" target="_blank" title="framework.We">framework.We will also discuss a scalable cloud-based Multi-Agent System for controlling large-scale penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and their infrastructure into the power grid. This is a system that can survive cyber-attacks while sustaining critical functions. This framework’s network will be assessed by applying contingencies and identifying the resulting signatures for detection in real-time operation. As a result, protective measures can be taken to address the dynamic threats in the foreseen grid-integrated EV parks where the developed system will have an automated response to a <a href="http://cyber-attack.In" target="_blank" title="cyber-attack.In">cyber-attack.In distributed energy management systems, the protection system must be adaptive. Communication networks assist in reacting to dynamic changes in the microgrid configurations. This presentation will also describe a newly developed protection scheme with extensive communication provided by the IEC 61850 standard for power networks to monitor the microgrid during these dynamic changes. The robustness and availability of the communication infrastructure are required for the success of protection measures. This adaptive protection scheme for AC microgrids can survive communication failures through energy storage <a href="http://systems.Co-sponsored" target="_blank" title="systems.Co-sponsored">systems.Co-sponsored by: Power Electronics/Industrial ElectronicsSpeaker(s): Osama, Room: UA1140, Bldg: UA, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, L1G7K4

IEEE IAS/PES Committee Meeting

Bldg: 140, 1500 Quebec Ave, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7K 1V7, Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487740

IEEE IAS/PES Committee MeetingBldg: 140, 1500 Quebec Ave, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7K 1V7, Virtual: https://events.vtools.ieee.org/m/487740